Split ring resonators (SRR) are suitable for microwaves due to their unique properties. In this research, using metamaterials and SRR structures, a band-pass Filter on the C band was Designed. The main Filter structure consisted of two SRRs connected with a microstrip line. The initial size of the structure, such as the radius of the rings, was estimated based on the central wavelength of the Filter. In order to increase the bandwidth and the efficiency of the passage in the central frequency, genetic algorithm was used and the optimal dimensions of the Filter were obtained. The change in the central frequency of the Filter due to the change in the dielectric constant was investigated, and the Filter stability was depicted in relation to the change in its dimensions. Compared to other existing Filters, this Filter, with its simplicity of structure and ease of construction, has better characteristics such as a high pass ratio at center frequency and wide bandwidth.

In this study, we propose a novel method for computing both primal and dual Filters for nonstationary biorthogonal wavelets, offering an advanced approach to wavelet Filter Design. The key challenge in image compres-sion that this study addresses is the inefficiency of conventional station-ary wavelets, which rely on fixed Filter banks that do not adapt to local variations in an image. This limitation results in suboptimal compression performance, particularly for images with varying statistical properties and localized features. To address this, we use a nonstationary biorthogonal fil-ter banks, which modify basis functions at different scaling levels, leading to improved frequency resolution, signal representation, and compression efficiency. Our technique employs cardinal Chebyshev B-splines to derive explicit formulas for the primal Filters, enabling precise calculation of Filter coeffi-cients essential for wavelet transforms. Additionally, we enforce normality and biorthogonality conditions within nonstationary multiresolution anal-ysis to maintain the relationship between primal and dual wavelet Filters at each scaling level. This structured approach allows for explicit formulation of the dual Filters while ensuring accurate decomposition and reconstruc-tion. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method improves compression efficiency over conventional Daubechies biorthogonal Filters, increasing the number of zero coefficients in compressed images. This leads to better visual quality and reduced storage requirements while maintaining computational efficiency. Such improvements are particularly beneficial in applications requiring high-fidelity image reconstruction, such as medical imaging, satellite data processing, and video compression. MATLAB sim-ulations validate the effectiveness of the approach, making it a promising alternative for image processing and data compression applications.

An adaptive Filter is a real-time computational device that iteratively simulates the relationship between a Filter's input and output signals. It is based on an adaptive algorithm that iteratively self-adjusts the linear Filter coefficients to decrease the power of e. (n). The LMS method is one of the most widely used adaptive algorithms for adjusting the coefficients of adaptive Filters, among others. The error-computation block and the weight-update block, which determine the Filter's efficiency, are the two key computing blocks of the direct-form LMS adaptive Filter. In this paper, adaptive Filter is implemented in two different architectures namely, zero adaptation delay adaptive Filter and two adaptations delay adaptive Filter which results in low power consumption and less area complexity. Zero adaptation delay adaptive Filter provides nearly 52\% savings in the area and the delay decreases by 26\% in two adaptations delay adaptive Filter over the conventional adaptive Filter. Hence based on the required speed and area for the application, any one of the proposed structures can be used.

Air Filter paper is made by combination of cellulosic and resin with specific permeability confronting with passing air flow. In this research, manufacturing of a sample car air Filter paper has been done. At the first step, the constituents of the commercial Filter paper were identified and after that different Filter papers have been manufactured in the laboratory. Sample Filter papers were manufactured using kenaf fibers and different acrylic resin contents at the laboratory and tested under standard conditions in order to evaluate their physical and mechanical properties. Comparison of the properties with those of imported standard air Filter papers showed that kenaf fibers with 20-30% (based on dry weight) acrylic resin (solvable in water) and Tg=33oC are appropriate for the manufacture of various types of standard air Filters. The obtained properties of sample car air Filter papers made in the laboratory with 86gr/m2 were found very close to the imported Filter papers.

Cardiovascular diseases are a major threat to the survival of human beings. An electrocardiogram is used in the diagnosis of heart diseases. But many types of noises are present to deter the quality of ECG signals. Thus, these noises must be Filtered using a Digital Filter like FIR (Finite Impulse Response) Filter. There are different approaches to Designing an FIR Filter. One of the prominent ways is by using windows. There are other ways of Designing the FIR Filters but Filtering using windows is one of the fastest ways of Designing the FIR Filters. In this paper different orders to Filter has been analyzed and the best order to Filter the ECG is found. Using that order different windows of FIR Filter has been Designed using Xilinx System Generator which is used to Filter the noisy ECG signal. Also, various windows have been compared for Filtering noises in ECG like Baseline Wander noise and Muscle Artifacts noise. The best window among all the windows is found out using MATLAB Simulink.

This paper reports a four-pole microstrip high-temperature superconducting (HTS) band-pass Filter with a quasi-elliptic function response. A microstrip Filter configuration that allows a pair of transmission zeros to be placed at the band edges is described. The Filter was fabricated using singlesided YB2Cu3O7 superconducting thin film deposited on a LaAl2O3 single crystal substrate of size 1mm´10mm´10mm by pulsed laser deposition. Very good experimental results were obtained when the Filter cooled using liquid nitrogen. The minimum pass-band loss was measured to be approximately 0.5 dB. The pass-band width at points 1 dB down from the minimum loss point was 110 MHz for a center frequency of 3.25 GHz.

Design of an Active Power Filter (APF) for elimination of harmonics generated by an electric arc furnace (EAF) is the main objective of this paper. Method used for control of APF is predictive control based on dynamic programming and the Box-Jenkins model is used for EAF. Three different APF (three single phase APF, three phase-three wire APF and three phase-four wire APF) are analyzed for harmonic compensation of three phase EAF. Different problems for choosing of APF elements specially its switches are considered and various switches that satisfy simulation requests are analyzed. Parallel operation of APFs that increase accessible power of the controller and eliminate switching frequency limitations is discussed and developed for an example. In various sections simulations results obtained from EMTP software are shown and compared.